At what age does the formal operational stage typically begin according to Piaget?

The formal operational stage, according to Jean Piaget, typically begins around age 12. This stage is characterized by the development of abstract thinking, logical reasoning, and the ability to formulate and test hypotheses. Unlike the earlier stages, where thinking is more concrete and based on direct experiences, individuals in the formal operational stage can handle abstract concepts and think about hypothetical situations. This developmental milestone allows for more advanced mathematical and scientific reasoning, reflective thought, and the ability to consider multiple variables in problem-solving.

In contrast, the other stages mentioned in the choices reflect Piaget's earlier developmental stages, which are not aligned with the characteristics associated with formal operational thought. Therefore, the age of around 12 is significant as it marks the transition to more sophisticated cognitive processes in Piaget's theory.