In the context of research, what is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is fundamentally defined as a testable prediction about the relationship between variables. This means it provides a specific statement or prediction that can be evaluated through research and experimentation. In scientific inquiry, hypotheses are often formulated based on theories or existing knowledge, but they must be framed in a way that allows for empirical testing.

In contrast, simply suggesting a theory without testing it does not fulfill the criteria of a hypothesis. Likewise, observations that cannot be quantified do not provide the necessary framework for establishing a predictive relationship, nor do conclusions drawn from prior knowledge serve as hypotheses, as they lack the predictive nature and testability that characterize a well-formed hypothesis. Thus, the correct answer reflects the essential role of hypotheses in guiding research by creating clear, testable predictions that can be investigated systematically.