Major depression is characterized by:

Major depression is indeed characterized by severe negative moods or a persistent lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. This condition often manifests as pervasive feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a notable decrease in motivation and energy. Individuals experiencing major depression may also report feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and changes in sleep or appetite.

The correct answer highlights the core features of major depression, which stand in stark contrast to the other options. For instance, extreme euphoria and excitement are indicative of mania or hypomania, often associated with bipolar disorder rather than major depression. Similarly, a continuing state of high energy does not align with the hallmark symptoms of depression, which typically involve fatigue and lethargy. Chronic irritability without sadness might suggest other mood disorders or situational stress but does not encompass the full spectrum of symptomatology characteristic of major depression, which primarily involves profound sadness and anhedonia (loss of interest).