What is a 'case study' in research methodology?

A case study in research methodology is characterized by its focus on an in-depth examination of a single participant, group, or event. This approach allows researchers to gather detailed qualitative data and insights that might not be achievable through broader methodologies. Case studies are particularly useful for exploring complex issues or phenomena in real-life contexts, providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject under investigation.

This method emphasizes the contextual and situational factors that influence the subject. As a result, it can illuminate the dynamics and intricacies that play a significant role in specific settings, often leading to new hypotheses or theories. The depth of analysis inherent in case studies allows for the investigation of unusual or rare occurrences and can also highlight patterns and relationships that may not be evident in larger-scale studies.

In contrast, other methodologies, such as random surveys or experimental studies, tend to take a broader approach and may overlook finer details and nuances that a case study can uncover. Additionally, a broad analysis of existing literature might provide valuable insights but lacks the direct observational or participatory element that case studies offer. Thus, the specificity and richness of data collected through a case study make it a vital tool for in-depth research.