What is the importance of a control group in experiments?

The importance of a control group in experiments primarily lies in its role in establishing a baseline for comparison. A control group is essential because it allows researchers to observe what happens to subjects who do not receive the experimental treatment or intervention. By comparing the results from the experimental group (which receives the treatment) to those of the control group (which does not), researchers can discern whether any observed changes in the experimental group are due to the treatment itself or other external factors.

This comparison is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of the treatment and for making valid conclusions about the hypothesis being tested. Without a control group, it would be challenging to determine whether changes are a direct result of the experimental conditions or if they could occur naturally over time or due to other variables. Hence, the control group is fundamental in providing a frame of reference, ensuring the reliability and validity of the experimental results.