Which technique is used to observe changes in behavior over time?

Behavior modification is a technique focused on altering specific behaviors through various methods, including reinforcement and punishment. This approach allows researchers and practitioners to observe changes in behavior over time by systematically applying interventions and measuring their effects. By tracking the frequency, duration, or intensity of a behavior before, during, and after the implementation of a modification strategy, one can clearly see how behavior evolves in response to specific stimuli or conditions.

In contrast, while systematic desensitization primarily addresses phobias by gradually exposing individuals to the feared object or situation while teaching relaxation techniques, it does not broadly focus on long-term observation of behavior changes. A token economy is a more specified behavior modification strategy often used in controlled environments, such as schools or therapy settings, using tokens as reinforcement for desired behaviors. Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on the interactions between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, aiming to change maladaptive thought patterns rather than strictly observing behavior changes over time.