Which type of disorder involves unpredictable episodes of intense fear?

Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent and unexpected episodes of intense fear that occur suddenly and peak within minutes. During a panic attack, individuals may experience a range of physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, and feelings of impending doom or loss of control. These episodes can be so intense that they lead to ongoing concern about experiencing additional attacks, further significantly impacting a person's life.

In contrast, phobic disorder involves a persistent and irrational fear of specific objects or situations, leading individuals to avoid them. While fear is a central component, it is not characterized by the sudden intensity of the episodes seen in panic disorder.

Bipolar disorder is primarily defined by mood swings that include emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression), rather than episodes of fear. Major depression focuses on persistent low mood and loss of interest in activities rather than the sudden fear response typical of panic disorder.

Thus, the defining characteristic of panic disorder as involving unpredictable episodes of intense fear sets it apart from the other disorders listed.